Medicine Buddha
Bhaisajyaguru is known as the Medicine Buddha. He is also called the Healing Buddha. It is said that he dispenses spiritual medicine when properly worshipped. There is even a belief that an efficacious cure may be accomplished by merely touching his image. In Tibet, he may be represented either as a Buddha or as a Bodhisattva. As a Buddha, he exhibits the urn (a small round bulge or protuberance above the bridge of the nose), which is the fourth superior mark of a Buddha, and the Ushnisha (a bulge or protuberance on the top of the Buddha's skull), which is the first superior mark of a Buddha. He has short and curly hair, wears a monastic robe, and is seated with his legs crossed. His left hand, lying in his lap in a meditation mudra, usually holds the medicine bowl, while his right hand, in a charity mudra, holds either a branch with fruit or the fruit alone of the myrobalan, a medicinal plant found in India and other tropical countries.
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Iconography
Medicine Buddha is the popular term for Bhaisajyaguru and refers to healing blue light transmitted by his representation and conception. Bhaisajyaguru means "Master of Blue Light". His healing energy is transmitted through blue light wave length called Vaydurya light. Medicine Buddha radiates this healing energy. Think of the light as internal chakra energy. The colour blue has been known for its purifying properties since ancient times and the deep blue colour of the Medicine Buddha is directly associated with this blue Vaydurya light energy. The energy source originates in the transparent beryl crystal bowl the Medicine Buddha supports and manifests itself in the deep blue of Lapis Lazuli [Lapis] of his corporeal body. The goldenergy lines [Skt. Chritrini] of his psychic body link all the yogic "vital airs" or energy winds [Skt. Vayus] and form the Beryl healing light energy beryl blue band of the inner aureole representing all the vital airs [Skt. Vyana] of the subtle body [Skt. Pranamayakosha]. As we journey through life we can find ourselves suffering through illness or through the illness of someone else. During illness previous priorities seem almost irrelevant as we seek to restore our balance or to find a new balance in our lives. Suddenly the medicine Buddha who is often overlooked becomes the most important of all while we realise our oversight. The image of the medicine Buddha can be used as a meditation deity [Skt. Ishta-devata] texts often call a meditation deity a Tutelary Deity or a Yidam Deity. A Yidam is the Tibetan word for an Ishtar-devata, a fully enlightened being who is the focus of personal meditation, during a retreat or for life. Deity Yoga practices can be undertaken. In essence, the mindstream of the guru and the yidam are indivisible. The yidam is considered to be the root of success in the practice. Visualise his serenity & healing light.
His extended left hand with an open front palm is shown in gift bestowing [Skt. Varada] hand gesture [Skt. Mudra] and holds the stem of a triple fruited myrobalan plant between his thumb & forefinger. In Tibetan medicine the myrobalan plant is known as the 'King of Medicines' on account of its medicinal properties. The gift bestowing hand gesture represents his dispensing of healing and holds a myrobalan plant bearing three myrobalan fruits. The number three refers to Principle of Three Gunas, which are Energy [Skt. Rajas] Inertia/Movement [Skt. Tamas] & wholeness or bodily order [Skt. Sattwa] When balanced we enjoy good health, when unbalanced illness can arise. Our bodies have a remarkable ability to rebalance if we allow them in a process known as homeostasis, directly linked to the principle of the Gunas. Unbalancing can occur when the moon residing at the naval root absorbs too much form the sun at the palette root which relates to too much sensual indulgence with the and the nectar of the moon is.
The right hand of Medicine Buddhas rests upon his lap in the position associated with an advanced connection with the inner self arrived at through meditation, commonly called the meditative state. The same hand supports a blue beryl crystal alms bowl containing medicinal nectar and a myrobalan fruit. He is portrayed wearing maroon monastic robes painted seated on a white moon disc in a lotus body position [Skt. Padmasana] and upon an actual lotus flower. Magical Buddhism [Tantric Buddhism] is very connected with Although more commonly linked to Vedic Yoga.
Commentary
This is why the ideas in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra are so closely connected with the Buddhist Principle of The Four Noble Truths and on gaining the liberated path. There are many other connections with Yoga such as the tantric gold energy lines [Skt. Chitrini] the lotus and chakras and in the choice of colours of aureoles. Perhaps most obvious is the classic yoga lotus asana with one leg crossed over the other that the Medicine Buddha is sitting in. The wisdom of Devata Yoga will help.
Process: Sand Casting
This Medicine Buddha has been created using the sand casting system, also known as sand molding casting. This widely employed manufacturing process utilizes a sand mold to produce metal products and components in various sizes and shapes. Sand casting holds significant popularity in the industry, accounting for approximately 60% of all metal castings. The sand casting process involves six primary steps. First, a pattern or replica of the desired sculpture, in this case, Medicine Buddha, is created using a material like wood or metal. The pattern is then placed in a flask, which is a box-like structure divided into two halves. The next step involves packing the flask tightly with specially formulated molding sand, creating a mold cavity that matches the shape of the pattern. The pattern is subsequently removed, leaving behind a negative impression of the sculpture within the sand mold.
The third step is known as gating and risering, where additional channels and reservoirs are added to the mold to facilitate the flow of molten metal and compensate for any shrinkage during solidification. Once the gating system is prepared, the mold is carefully closed and secured. The fourth step involves pouring the molten metal, such as bronze or iron, into the mold through the gating system. After the metal has cooled and solidified, the mold is broken open, revealing the solid metal sculpture. The final steps involve removing any excess material, surface finishing, and polishing to achieve the desired appearance.
Sand casting offers several advantages, including its versatility in producing complex shapes, cost-effectiveness for both small and large-scale productions, and the ability to use a wide range of metals. However, it does require skilled craftsmanship and careful attention to ensure the quality and accuracy of the final sculpture. By utilizing the sand casting system, the Medicine Buddha embodies the craftsmanship and artistry of the process, resulting in a captivating and unique metal artwork.
The process cycle for sand casting consists of six main stages, which are explained below
Mold-making -The first step in the sand casting process is to create the mold for the casting. In an expendable mold process, this step must be performed for each casting. A sand mold is formed by packing sand into each half of the mold. The sand is packed around the pattern, which is a replica of the external shape of the casting. When the pattern is removed, the cavity that will form the casting remains. Any internal features of the casting that cannot be formed by the pattern are formed by separate cores which are made of sand prior to the formation of the mold. Further details on mold-making will be described in the next section. The mold-making time includes positioning the pattern, packing the sand, and removing the pattern. The mold-making time is affected by the size of the part, the number of cores, and the type of sand mold. If the mold type requires heating or baking time, the mold-making time is substantially increased. Also, lubrication is often applied to the surfaces of the mold cavity in order to facilitate removal of the casting. The use of a lubricant also improves the flow the metal and can improve the surface finish of the casting. The lubricant that is used is chosen based upon the sand and molten metal temperature.
Clamping - Once the mold has been made, it must be prepared for the molten metal to be poured. The surface of the mold cavity is first lubricated to facilitate the removal of the casting. Then, the cores are positioned and the mold halves are closed and securely clamped together. It is essential that the mold halves remain securely closed to prevent the loss of any material.
Pouring - The molten metal is maintained at a set temperature in a furnace. After the mold has been clamped, the molten metal can be ladled from its holding container in the furnace and poured into the mold. The pouring can be performed manually or by an automated machine. Enough molten metal must be poured to fill the entire cavity and all channels in the mold. The filling time is very short in order to prevent early solidification of any one part of the metal.
Cooling - The molten metal that is poured into the mold will begin to cool and solidify once it enters the cavity. When the entire cavity is filled and the molten metal solidifies, the final shape of the casting is formed. The mold can not be opened until the cooling time has elapsed. The desired cooling time can be estimated based upon the wall thickness of the casting and the temperature of the metal. Most of the possible defects that can occur are a result of the solidification process. If some of the molten metal cools too quickly, the part may exhibit shrinkage, cracks, or incomplete sections. Preventative measures can be taken in designing both the part and the mold and will be explored in later sections.
Removal - After the predetermined solidification time has passed, the sand mold can simply be broken, and the casting removed. This step, sometimes called shakeout, is typically performed by a vibrating machine that shakes the sand and casting out of the flask. Once removed, the casting will likely have some sand and oxide layers adhered to the surface. Shot blasting is sometimes used to remove any remaining sand, especially from internal surfaces, and reduce the surface roughness.
Trimming - During cooling, the material from the channels in the mold solidifies attached to the part. This excess material must be trimmed from the casting either manually via cutting or sawing, or using a trimming press. The time required to trim the excess material can be estimated from the size of the casting's envelope. A larger casting will require a longer trimming time. The scrap material that results from this trimming is either discarded or reused in the sand casting process. However, the scrap material may need to be reconditioned to the proper chemical composition before it can be combined with non-recycled metal and reused.
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